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Running Cadence Explained: Does Your Step Rate Really Matter?

If you've spent any time reading about running or watching training videos, you've probably come across the term running cadence. It's often mentioned alongside advice about improving your technique, running faster or reducing your risk of injury. Some runners even become fixated on achieving a specific number, believing it holds the secret to becoming more efficient.

If you've spent any time reading about running or watching training videos, you've probably come across the term 'running cadence'. It's often mentioned alongside advice about improving your technique, running faster or reducing your risk of injury. Some runners even become fixated on achieving a specific number, believing it holds the secret to becoming more efficient. The reality is that cadence is only one part of the picture. While it can play an important role in the way you run, it isn't something that should be changed without understanding why. Every runner is different, and what works well for one person may not be suitable for another. Understanding what cadence is and how it affects your running can help you decide whether it's something worth paying attention to. What Is Running Cadence? Running cadence simply refers to the number of steps you take each minute while running. Most watches and running apps now record cadence automatically, making it easy to monitor during your training. Your cadence is influenced by several factors, including your height, leg length, natural running style, pace and even the terrain you're running on. As you run faster, your cadence will usually increase naturally. Many recreational runners have a cadence somewhere between 150 and 180 steps per minute, although there is no single figure that every runner should aim for. Read more about your running style here. Where Did The 180 Steps Per Minute Myth Come From? One of the most common pieces of running advice is that everyone should aim for a cadence of 180 steps per minute. This figure has been repeated so often that many runners assume it's a universal rule. In reality, it comes from observations made during elite races many years ago, where many top athletes happened to be running at around that cadence while racing. These runners were moving at very high speeds and were among the best in the world. That doesn't mean the same number is appropriate for someone running their first 10k or marathon. Trying to force yourself to run at 180 steps per minute simply because you've read about it online can actually make your running feel awkward and less efficient. Why Cadence Matters Cadence affects the way your feet land beneath your body. Runners with a very low cadence often take longer strides, which can increase the braking forces each time the foot hits the ground. This is known as overstriding and may place extra stress on the knees, hips and lower legs. A slightly quicker cadence often encourages shorter, lighter steps, helping your feet land closer to your body's centre of gravity. For many runners this creates a smoother, more efficient running style and can reduce the impact placed on the joints. That doesn't mean increasing cadence is a cure for every running problem, but it can be one useful tool when working on your overall running style. Should You Try To Increase Your Cadence? For many runners, the answer is no. If you're running comfortably, staying injury free and gradually improving, there may be little reason to think about cadence at all. However, if you're consistently overstriding, suffering from repeated impact-related injuries or working with a coach or physiotherapist, you may benefit from making small adjustments. Most experts recommend increasing cadence gradually by around five to ten percent rather than making dramatic changes overnight. Your body needs time to adapt to any change in running technique. Hill training is good for improving your cadence How To Improve Cadence Naturally Rather than concentrating on a number displayed on your watch, focus on running with quick, relaxed and light steps. Avoid reaching too far forward with each stride and instead think about your feet landing beneath your body. Short hill sessions, strides and faster interval training can all help improve cadence naturally because your body tends to increase step rate automatically as pace increases. Strength training can also contribute by improving your ability to generate power without relying on longer strides. The goal isn't to force your legs to move faster. It's to develop a smoother and more efficient running rhythm over time. Read more about interval training here. Cadence Changes With Your Pace One reason many runners become confused about cadence is that it doesn't stay the same throughout every run. During an easy recovery run your cadence will usually be lower than during a fast tempo session or race. Running uphill often increases cadence because your stride naturally shortens, while running downhill may have the opposite effect. This is completely normal. Looking at your average cadence across different types of training is far more useful than worrying about every individual run. Don't Chase Numbers Modern running watches provide an incredible amount of data, but not every statistic deserves equal attention. Cadence is helpful when viewed alongside pace, heart rate and how your body feels, but it shouldn't become an obsession. Many successful runners have cadence figures that fall outside the often-quoted ideal range. What matters most is whether your running feels comfortable, efficient and sustainable over the distance you're training for. If you do decide to work on your cadence, make gradual changes and pay attention to how your body responds rather than chasing an arbitrary target. Final Thoughts Running cadence is simply the number of steps you take each minute, but it has become one of the most discussed aspects of running technique. While a slightly quicker cadence can improve efficiency for some runners and may help reduce overstriding, there is no magic number that suits everyone. The best approach is to let cadence develop naturally through consistent training while paying attention to your overall running style. If improvements are needed, make small adjustments rather than dramatic changes, and remember that running comfortably and staying injury free are far more important than hitting a specific figure on your watch. As with most aspects of running, consistency beats perfection every time.

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